Journal: Discover Nano

Article Title: A review on microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, and their applications using multiscale simulation methods

doi: 10.1186/s11671-023-03792-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Passive microfluidic mixers for polymer-based NP synthesis. a A versatile “origami” microchannel for the fabrication of PLGA-DOX NPs . b PCL-b-PEO synthesis in a staggered herringbone mixer (NanoAssemblr™) and a segmented flow-based mixer . Reprinted with permission from . Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society ( c ) A concentric glass capillary within a square capillary microchannel for PCL and PLA production. Reproduced with permission from . Copyrights © 2015 Elsevier

Article Snippet: Moreover, hybrid NPs composed of polymer (core)-lipid (shell) bilayers provide the mechanical properties of biocompatible polymer NPs with the biomimetic advantages of lipid NPs [ ], such work was demonstrated by Liu et al. [ ], synthesizing PLGA NPs coated with exosomes.

Techniques: Polymer

Journal: Discover Nano

Article Title: A review on microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, and their applications using multiscale simulation methods

doi: 10.1186/s11671-023-03792-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Passive microfluidic mixers for hybrid NP synthesis ( a ) PLGA-lipid NPs in a spiral microchannel (open access) . b A staggered herringbone patterned multi-inlet vortex mixer for the synthesis of PLGA-lipid NPs (open access)

Article Snippet: Moreover, hybrid NPs composed of polymer (core)-lipid (shell) bilayers provide the mechanical properties of biocompatible polymer NPs with the biomimetic advantages of lipid NPs [ ], such work was demonstrated by Liu et al. [ ], synthesizing PLGA NPs coated with exosomes.

Techniques:

Journal: Discover Nano

Article Title: A review on microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, and their applications using multiscale simulation methods

doi: 10.1186/s11671-023-03792-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acoustic micromixing for the fabrication of organic NPs ( a ) SAW-acoustic streaming for the synthesis of bPEI polyplexes and MNALP (open access) . b PDMS sharp edges microstreaming for the production of PLGA NPs (open access) . c PLGA NPs synthesis by silicon sharp edges (open access) . d Combined oscillatory bubbles and sharp edges to fabricate PLGA NPs

Article Snippet: Moreover, hybrid NPs composed of polymer (core)-lipid (shell) bilayers provide the mechanical properties of biocompatible polymer NPs with the biomimetic advantages of lipid NPs [ ], such work was demonstrated by Liu et al. [ ], synthesizing PLGA NPs coated with exosomes.

Techniques:

Journal: Discover Nano

Article Title: A review on microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, and their applications using multiscale simulation methods

doi: 10.1186/s11671-023-03792-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acoustic micromixing for the fabrication of organic NPs ( a ) Flexural modes-acoustic streaming PLGA NPs synthesis (open access) . b Hybrid lipid-PLGA NPs synthesis in a sonication-spiral microchannel (open access)

Article Snippet: Moreover, hybrid NPs composed of polymer (core)-lipid (shell) bilayers provide the mechanical properties of biocompatible polymer NPs with the biomimetic advantages of lipid NPs [ ], such work was demonstrated by Liu et al. [ ], synthesizing PLGA NPs coated with exosomes.

Techniques: Sonication

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Ionic Liquid Coating‐Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV

doi: 10.1002/advs.202305484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ionic liquid coats both empty PLGA NPs and those loaded with 60 µg mL −1 abacavir. Empty bare PLGA (black line) and IL‐coated PLGA (red line) NPs undergo an increase in size A) and anionic shift in surface charge B) when abacavir is loaded into Bare PLGA (blue line) and IL‐coated PLGA (green line) NPs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of Bare PLGA and C) IL‐coated PLGA D) shows morphological changes upon IL coating. Scale = 1 µm.

Article Snippet: DiD‐Nanoparticle Fluorescent Emission by Fluorimetry : The fluorescence emission profile of 1 mg mL −1 of bare PLGA DiD NPs & CA2HA 1:2 PLGA DiD NPs in 0.9% USP‐grade NaCl were measured on a Horiba FluoroMax SpectroFluorimeter (System #3657, model QM‐8075‐21‐C with PTI ASOC‐10) from the far‐red to NIR region (650–800 nm), alongside controls of 0.02 mg DiD in ACN (free dye in solvent) & 0.02 mg DiD in 1 mg mL −1 PLGA:ACN organic phase (covalently‐bound DiD‐PLGA in ACN).

Techniques: Electron Microscopy

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Ionic Liquid Coating‐Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV

doi: 10.1002/advs.202305484

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL‐coated PLGA NPs encapsulate abacavir (ABC), suppress viral replication in HIV‐1 treated human PBMCs without cytotoxicity, and show enhanced human microglia uptake in vitro. A) HIV‐1 BaL viral replication (n = 2) is attenuated by CA2HA 1:2‐coated PLGA NPs loaded with abacavir (ABC; 60 µg mL −1 ; n = 3), free ABC alone (60 µg mL −1 ) (n = 3), or CA2HA 1:2‐coated empty PLGA NPs (n = 3). * indicates significant difference from mock‐infected cells (n = 2); ^ indicates significant difference from HIV‐infected cells; p < 0.05 (Repeated‐Measures ANOVA). B) Bare and IL‐coated PLGA NPs with ABC (60 µg mL −1 ) show little cytotoxicity when compared to mock‐infected PBMCs. * indicates significant difference from mock‐infected cells; ^ indicates significant difference from HIV‐1 infected cells; p < 0.05 (One‐Way ANOVA). C–E’) Immunocytochemistry on cultured primary human microglia : C–C’) Media‐control, D–D’) Bare PLGA NPs loaded with DiD (purple), and E–E’) IL‐PLGA NPs loaded with DiD. Cells were co‐labeled with anti‐Iba‐1 (green) and Hoechst nuclear stain (blue). Intracellular DiD (purple) accumulation was qualitatively greater when PLGA‐NPs were coated with IL (see E‐E’). Scale = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: DiD‐Nanoparticle Fluorescent Emission by Fluorimetry : The fluorescence emission profile of 1 mg mL −1 of bare PLGA DiD NPs & CA2HA 1:2 PLGA DiD NPs in 0.9% USP‐grade NaCl were measured on a Horiba FluoroMax SpectroFluorimeter (System #3657, model QM‐8075‐21‐C with PTI ASOC‐10) from the far‐red to NIR region (650–800 nm), alongside controls of 0.02 mg DiD in ACN (free dye in solvent) & 0.02 mg DiD in 1 mg mL −1 PLGA:ACN organic phase (covalently‐bound DiD‐PLGA in ACN).

Techniques: In Vitro, Infection, Immunocytochemistry, Cell Culture, Control, Labeling, Staining

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Ionic Liquid Coating‐Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV

doi: 10.1002/advs.202305484

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL‐NPs dramatically enhance delivery to the brain in vivo and influence regional abacavir accumulation. A–D) Sprague‐Dawley rat brain cross‐sections shown after treatment with: (A) Saline, (B) Bare PLGA NPs loaded with DiD (purple), or (C) IL‐coated PLGA NPs loaded with DiD. Scale bar = 1 mm. (D) Signal quantified by densitometry (area × mean intensity; n = 1/group). E) Biodistribution (%) of injected DiD in isolated organs (% ID organ, n = 3/group; mean ± SEM). † denotes significant difference from respective PLGA‐DiD‐treated group; p < 0.05 (paired two‐tailed t ‐test for means). F,G) Representative differences, by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy, in abacavir (ABC) regional brain accumulation in Sprague‐Dawley rat brains (n = 3/group) post intra‐carotid injection for (F) empty IL‐PLGA NPs and (G) IL‐PLGA NPs loaded with ABC. Key proton peak for ABC presence at 8.1 ppm is indicated (see red box, panel G).

Article Snippet: DiD‐Nanoparticle Fluorescent Emission by Fluorimetry : The fluorescence emission profile of 1 mg mL −1 of bare PLGA DiD NPs & CA2HA 1:2 PLGA DiD NPs in 0.9% USP‐grade NaCl were measured on a Horiba FluoroMax SpectroFluorimeter (System #3657, model QM‐8075‐21‐C with PTI ASOC‐10) from the far‐red to NIR region (650–800 nm), alongside controls of 0.02 mg DiD in ACN (free dye in solvent) & 0.02 mg DiD in 1 mg mL −1 PLGA:ACN organic phase (covalently‐bound DiD‐PLGA in ACN).

Techniques: In Vivo, Saline, Injection, Isolation, Two Tailed Test, Structural Proteomics

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Ionic Liquid Coating‐Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV

doi: 10.1002/advs.202305484

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL‐PLGA NPs enter the brain by shearing through blood vessels and are uptaken by microglia in the caudate/putamen. A) Bare PLGA NPs sporadically in presumed endothelial cells at the boundary of small blood vessels. B,C) IL‐PLGA NPs in parenchymal Iba‐1 + microglia and around blood vessels in presumed endothelial cells. C) DiD signal from IL‐coated NPs observed in every microglial soma captured in the field and in several suspected endothelial cells surrounding apparent blood vessels. D,D’) Labeling with von Willebrand factor confirming presence of DiD in endothelial cells. E) Z‐stack imaging supports intracellular localization of DiD in microglia (see bottom and right orthogonal views for virtual cross‐section). F,F’) Frequent uniform DiD co‐localization to microglia next to large vessels. * Indicates blood vessel. Arrows localize DiD in panels E, F, and F’. Scale bars = 10 microns in every panel.

Article Snippet: DiD‐Nanoparticle Fluorescent Emission by Fluorimetry : The fluorescence emission profile of 1 mg mL −1 of bare PLGA DiD NPs & CA2HA 1:2 PLGA DiD NPs in 0.9% USP‐grade NaCl were measured on a Horiba FluoroMax SpectroFluorimeter (System #3657, model QM‐8075‐21‐C with PTI ASOC‐10) from the far‐red to NIR region (650–800 nm), alongside controls of 0.02 mg DiD in ACN (free dye in solvent) & 0.02 mg DiD in 1 mg mL −1 PLGA:ACN organic phase (covalently‐bound DiD‐PLGA in ACN).

Techniques: Labeling, Imaging

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Ionic Liquid Coating‐Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV

doi: 10.1002/advs.202305484

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL‐PLGA DiD NPs in the brain co‐localize selectively with microglia in vivo. A–D) Co‐localization of DiD‐loaded IL‐NPs (D) with microglia (C), but not astrocytes (B), is demonstrated in the parenchyma of the rat dorsal striatum (inset shows the head of the caudate across panels). E–I) A blood vessel (outlined in E‐F) reveals DiD (I) co‐localization with microglia (H), but not astrocytes (G) (arrows localize DiD signal across panels). J–L) Somal expression of DiD is evident in microglia. M) Fractional gated representation of FACS quantification (CDllb + versus CDllb + DiD + ) of isolated and purified microglia shows high co‐localization with IL‐ PLGA DiD NPs (blue) versus saline background (green), the latter of which was only CDllb + (n = 3 internal repetitions of n = 1 brain extract/group ± standard deviation). CC = corpus callosum, LV = lateral ventricle, AC = anterior commissure. Scale bar = 1 mm in Panels A‐D, 50 microns in Panels E‐I, 10 microns in Panels (J–L).

Article Snippet: DiD‐Nanoparticle Fluorescent Emission by Fluorimetry : The fluorescence emission profile of 1 mg mL −1 of bare PLGA DiD NPs & CA2HA 1:2 PLGA DiD NPs in 0.9% USP‐grade NaCl were measured on a Horiba FluoroMax SpectroFluorimeter (System #3657, model QM‐8075‐21‐C with PTI ASOC‐10) from the far‐red to NIR region (650–800 nm), alongside controls of 0.02 mg DiD in ACN (free dye in solvent) & 0.02 mg DiD in 1 mg mL −1 PLGA:ACN organic phase (covalently‐bound DiD‐PLGA in ACN).

Techniques: In Vivo, Expressing, Isolation, Purification, Saline, Standard Deviation

Journal: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Article Title: Microneedle/nanoencapsulation-mediated transdermal delivery: Mechanistic insights

doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Formulation variables and pharmaceutical attributes of PLGA NPs prepared using an emulsion–diffusion–evaporation method.

Article Snippet: PLGA NPs with similar properties (50:50 PLGA composition, 57.0 mV zeta potential, 10% w/w dye loading) and close particle size (117.4 versus 122.0 nm for Rh B and FITC NPs, respectively, ) were used as nanocarrier for Rh B and FITC to assess the contribution of encapsulated dye-related variables to skin permeation across MN-treated skin.

Techniques: Formulation, Emulsion, Homogenization, Zeta Potential Analyzer

Journal: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Article Title: Microneedle/nanoencapsulation-mediated transdermal delivery: Mechanistic insights

doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative TEM images of Rh B (F8, a) versus FITC (F9, b) PLGA 50:50 NPs at 5% w/w initial dye loading.

Article Snippet: PLGA NPs with similar properties (50:50 PLGA composition, 57.0 mV zeta potential, 10% w/w dye loading) and close particle size (117.4 versus 122.0 nm for Rh B and FITC NPs, respectively, ) were used as nanocarrier for Rh B and FITC to assess the contribution of encapsulated dye-related variables to skin permeation across MN-treated skin.

Techniques:

Journal: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Article Title: Microneedle/nanoencapsulation-mediated transdermal delivery: Mechanistic insights

doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro release profiles of Rh B loaded in PLGA NPs of different lactide to glycolide copolymer ratio, (100:0, F4), (75:25, F5) and (50:50, F6) in PBS pH 7.4 at 37 °C. Data points shown are mean ± SD ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: PLGA NPs with similar properties (50:50 PLGA composition, 57.0 mV zeta potential, 10% w/w dye loading) and close particle size (117.4 versus 122.0 nm for Rh B and FITC NPs, respectively, ) were used as nanocarrier for Rh B and FITC to assess the contribution of encapsulated dye-related variables to skin permeation across MN-treated skin.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Article Title: Microneedle/nanoencapsulation-mediated transdermal delivery: Mechanistic insights

doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confocal images of vertical sections (a and b) and Z -stacks (c and d) of full thickness porcine skin treated with Rh B (F7) and FITC (F10) PLGA NPs, respectively. Bar scales represent 50 μm (a and b) and 100 μm (c and d). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: PLGA NPs with similar properties (50:50 PLGA composition, 57.0 mV zeta potential, 10% w/w dye loading) and close particle size (117.4 versus 122.0 nm for Rh B and FITC NPs, respectively, ) were used as nanocarrier for Rh B and FITC to assess the contribution of encapsulated dye-related variables to skin permeation across MN-treated skin.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012634

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the preparation of CZ-PLGA-NPs, including the CZ encapsulation process into PLGA-NPs.

Article Snippet: To assess the stability of the released CZ, 1 mg/mL CZ-PLGA-NPs was immersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C with gentle agitation (160 rpm) in a shaking incubator (Puricell Shaking 80, Cryste Novapro Co.) for one, two, and four weeks.

Techniques: Encapsulation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012634

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of physicochemical properties of CZ-PLGA-NPs. ( A ) The surface morphology of CZ-PLGA-NPs with a spherical shape examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scale bar = 1 µm; ( B , C ) Distribution of ( B ) size (diameter) and ( C ) zeta potential values of CZ-PLGA-NPs.

Article Snippet: To assess the stability of the released CZ, 1 mg/mL CZ-PLGA-NPs was immersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C with gentle agitation (160 rpm) in a shaking incubator (Puricell Shaking 80, Cryste Novapro Co.) for one, two, and four weeks.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Zeta Potential Analyzer

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012634

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of CZ release kinetics and cytocompatibility of CZ-PLGA-NPs. ( A ) In vitro CZ release profile of CZ-PLGA-NPs; ( B ) Stability of released CZ in CZ-PLGA-NPs. Representative high-performance liquid chromatogram of released CZ in CZ-PLGA-NPs after one, two, and four weeks. Numerical data represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. ( C ) In vitro cytotoxicity of the drug-free PLGA-NPs on L929 cells and light microscopy images of L929 cells after a 24 h co-incubation.

Article Snippet: To assess the stability of the released CZ, 1 mg/mL CZ-PLGA-NPs was immersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C with gentle agitation (160 rpm) in a shaking incubator (Puricell Shaking 80, Cryste Novapro Co.) for one, two, and four weeks.

Techniques: In Vitro, Standard Deviation, Light Microscopy, Incubation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012634

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro effects of CZ-PLGA-NPs on the cell viability, cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis of Renca-SRLu5-Luc cells. ( A ) In vitro cytotoxicity assay of CZ-PLGA-NPs against Renca-SRLu5-Luc cells incubated with different concentrations of CZ-PLGA-NPs for 24, 48, and 72 h; ( B ) Effect of CZ-PLGA-NPs on the cell cycle distribution of Renca-SRLu5-Luc cells as determined by flow cytometry based on propidium iodide (PI) staining; ( C ) Effect of CZ-PLGA-NPs on apoptosis of Renca-SRLu5-Luc cells determined using flow cytometry based on the Annexin V–FITC/PI double staining. Each point represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To assess the stability of the released CZ, 1 mg/mL CZ-PLGA-NPs was immersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C with gentle agitation (160 rpm) in a shaking incubator (Puricell Shaking 80, Cryste Novapro Co.) for one, two, and four weeks.

Techniques: In Vitro, Cytotoxicity Assay, Incubation, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Double Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012634

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CZ-PLGA-NPs on in vitro metastatic traits and downstream activation of AKT and ERK in Renca-SRLu5-Luc cells. ( A ) Statistical analysis of the cell colony formation rate in CZ-PLGA-NPs-treated Renca-SRLu5-Luc cells; ( B , C ) Statistical analysis of the results from the migration assay ( B ) and the invasion assay ( C ) in CZ-PLGA-NPs-treated Renca-SRLu5-Luc cells; ( D ) Effects of CZ-PLGA-NPs on ERK and AKT signaling molecules in Renca-SRLu5-Luc cells. Renca-SRLu5-Luc cell lysates were isolated at 10 min or 24 h after exposure to indicated concentrations of CZ-PLGA-NPs, and then the protein levels of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated ERK and AKT were analyzed using Western blotting. β-actin was used as a loading control. Each point represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To assess the stability of the released CZ, 1 mg/mL CZ-PLGA-NPs was immersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C with gentle agitation (160 rpm) in a shaking incubator (Puricell Shaking 80, Cryste Novapro Co.) for one, two, and four weeks.

Techniques: In Vitro, Activation Assay, Migration, Invasion Assay, Isolation, Western Blot

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012634

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo anti-tumor activity of CZ-PLGA-NPs against Renca-SRLu5-Luc RCC lung metastasis. ( A ) Longitudinal images of the quantification of the metastatic lung tumor growth (lung metastatic burden) based on the whole-body bioluminescence signal, measured as photons/sec. (B) The photon flux levels in the different groups of mice were measured using the in vivo imaging system (IVIS). All groups, n ≥ 5; data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; treated vs. control groups. ( C ) Kaplan–Meier survival curve and comparison of median survival between control (no treatment, n = 5) and treatment groups (in vivo administration of CZ-PLGA-NPs 10mg/kg, twice a week, a total of eight injections during the study, n = 8) (log-rank test).

Article Snippet: To assess the stability of the released CZ, 1 mg/mL CZ-PLGA-NPs was immersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C with gentle agitation (160 rpm) in a shaking incubator (Puricell Shaking 80, Cryste Novapro Co.) for one, two, and four weeks.

Techniques: In Vivo, Activity Assay, In Vivo Imaging, Comparison

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012634

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo effects of CZ-PLGA-NPs on Renca-SRLu5-Luc tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and CD8+ T cell infiltration into lung metastasis in an experimental Renca-SRLu5-Luc lung metastasis model. ( A ) Representative images of hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for MCM2 and cleaved caspase-3 in Renca-SRLu5-Luc lung metastases (right panel). Proliferative cells stained with MCM2 and apoptotic cells stained with anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibodies in tumors. Positive staining appears as a brown color. Scale bar = 100 µm. Quantification of IHC staining for MCM2 and cleaved caspase-3 (left panel); ( B ) Representative IHC staining (anti-CD8α+, brown color, right panel) and quantitative analysis (left panel) of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell infiltrates into the lung metastases in the Renca-SRLu5-Luc model. Scale bar = 100 µm. All groups, n ≥ 5; data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. *** p < 0.001; treated vs. control groups. Scale bars = 200 mm.

Article Snippet: To assess the stability of the released CZ, 1 mg/mL CZ-PLGA-NPs was immersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C with gentle agitation (160 rpm) in a shaking incubator (Puricell Shaking 80, Cryste Novapro Co.) for one, two, and four weeks.

Techniques: In Vivo, Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012634

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphical representation of potential models of anti-tumor activity of CZ-PLGA-NPs against Renca-SRLu5-Luc RCC lung metastasis.

Article Snippet: To assess the stability of the released CZ, 1 mg/mL CZ-PLGA-NPs was immersed in PBS (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C with gentle agitation (160 rpm) in a shaking incubator (Puricell Shaking 80, Cryste Novapro Co.) for one, two, and four weeks.

Techniques: Activity Assay